{"id":682,"date":"2022-05-21T10:54:41","date_gmt":"2022-05-21T15:54:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/?p=682"},"modified":"2022-05-21T10:54:41","modified_gmt":"2022-05-21T15:54:41","slug":"frission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/?p=682","title":{"rendered":"Frission"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"font-byline\" style=\"text-align: center;\">This 715-song playlist is scientifically verified to give you the chills, thanks to \u201cfrisson\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/sam-gilberg\/\">by Sam Gilberg<\/a><\/h4>\n<div class=\"col-span-full md:col-span-6 xl:col-span-5 md:mt-14 lg:mt-20\">\n<div class=\"mb-8 prose with-dropcap \">\n<p class=\"\">It\u2019s 2006. I\u2019m on the school bus listening to my iPod, when on comes Johnny Cash\u2019s \u201cHurt.<em>\u201d <\/em>The song begins softly, a wistful Cash singing of loss and regret over sparse acoustic plucking.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">As a freshman in high school, I know nothing of the song\u2019s mature themes of aging and death. But about halfway through the song, something happens. The guitar and piano increase in volume, and Cash\u2019s voice starts to crescendo. I feel the hairs stand on the back of my neck. A warm shiver runs up my spine, and goosebumps appear on my arms. It feels like something important is happening. I don\u2019t know what exactly. But something is coming<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"div-gpt-ad-bt_content1\" class=\"advertising advertising--inline\" data-google-query-id=\"CNfrvIfx8PcCFSeApgQdvnAIBA\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/1037571\/bt_content1_0__container__\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">And the moment I expect the song will decrescendo, as it had in the previous chorus\u2026 It doesn\u2019t. Cash\u2019s voice wails over a pounding piano and guitar that threatens to blow out my headphones.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Suddenly, my body is seized by a rapturous electricity; my mind is invigorated by an indescribable fusion of ecstasy, awe, despair, and longing. And in an instant, I realize something deep in my bones:<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><em>This is what it feels like to be alive.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-the-physiology-of-frisson\">The physiology of frisson<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\">There is a word that describes this common human response to music \u2014 a word for \u201cthat moment\u201d when a song pierces your body and soul. It\u2019s called \u201cfrisson,\u201d and it\u2019s the reason why music from artists as seemingly disparate as Johnny Cash, Metallica, C\u00e9line Dion, and Mozart are all featured on a recently released, scientifically-backed playlist of songs that researchers claim are likely to give people \u201cchills.\u201d The <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/54ZA9LXFvvFujmOVWXpHga?si=070902caeeab4b47&amp;nd=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">715-song playlist<\/a> was curated by a team of neuroscientists and is available on Spotify.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Spotify Embed: Songs to give you chills - Quartz Comp\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/playlist\/54ZA9LXFvvFujmOVWXpHga?si=070902caeeab4b47&amp;nd=1&amp;utm_source=oembed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"380\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/us\/definition\/english\/frisson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frisson<\/a>\u201d derives from French and is \u201ca sudden feeling or sensation of excitement, emotion or thrill,\u201d and the experience is not confined to music. Historically, frisson has been used interchangeably with the term \u201caesthetic chills.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">According to a <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0224974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2019 study<\/a>, one can experience frisson when staring at a brilliant sunset or a beautiful painting; when realizing a deep insight or truth; when reading a particularly resonant line of poetry; or when watching the climax of a film.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">Researchers often <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00790\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">describe<\/a> frisson as a \u201cpiloerection\u201d (or \u201cskin orgasm\u201d) noting that the experience retains similar \u201cbiological and psychological components to sexual orgasm.\u201d Some refer to frisson as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cogsci.msu.edu\/DSS\/2008-2009\/Huron\/HuronFrisson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pleasurable gooseflesh<\/a>,\u201d while others maintain that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00790\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">definition should expand<\/a> \u201cto include other perceptible, non-dermal reactions such as tears, lump-in-throat sensations, and muscle tension\/relaxation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">While it is understood that appreciation of beauty is central to what makes us human, it is <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.pl\/books?id=PR0xDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT677&amp;lpg=PT677&amp;dq=frisson+evolutionary+advantage&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4Ln1iDMDjc&amp;sig=ACfU3U2HVQtPlYHlxSKecufc28Tbtmqm0g&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=frisson%20evolutionary%20advantage&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">not clear to researchers<\/a> what evolutionary advantage this sensitivity could have given our species. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01546\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">current consensus<\/a> is that it has something to do with our need to understand our environment:<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><em>\u201cAesthetic chills correspond to a satisfaction of humans\u2019 internal drive to acquire knowledge about the external world and perceive objects and situations as meaningful. In humans, this need to explore and understand environmental conditions is a biological prerequisite for survival.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>What causes frisson?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\">In his 2006 book <em>Sweet Anticipation, <\/em>musicologist David Huron offers a compelling <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cogsci.msu.edu\/DSS\/2008-2009\/Huron\/HuronFrisson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">explanation<\/a> for why we experience such powerful responses to music. He calls it \u201ccontrastive valence theory,\u201d in which feeling states are strongly influenced by contrast.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">\u201cIf we initially feel bad, and then we feel good, the good feeling tends to be stronger than if the good experience occurred without the preceding bad feeling.\u201d This is due to a regulatory process called \u201ccognitive appraisal,\u201d in which our minds use cognitive and linguistic processes to reframe the meaning of a stimulus. Huron uses the idea of a surprise party to illustrate this phenomenon:<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><em>\u201cWhen a person is unexpectedly surprised by her friends, the \ufb01rst response is one of terror: her eyelids retract and her jaw drops. But within half a second, fear is replaced by happy celebration as the individual recognizes her friends and the positive social meaning of the event.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"div-gpt-ad-bt_content2\" class=\"advertising advertising--inline\" data-google-query-id=\"CP3kp9748PcCFdhXAQodJ8oFkA\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/1037571\/bt_content2_0__container__\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">According to Huron, when the appraisal response confirms that there is no threat, contrastive valence transforms the negative feelings into something positive.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Consider Metallica\u2019s \u201cMaster of Puppets\u201d (one of three Metallica songs featured on the curated playlist). It is understandable if your immediate emotional reaction to the song\u2019s shocking intro is one of fear and foreboding. But thanks to \u201ccognitive reappraisal,\u201d that initial adrenaline rush can be transformed into something positive when you realize that you are safe, and that it is music making you feel this way.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Also, notice how this experience is related to how our brains <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/neuropsych\/music-brain-predict\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">anticipate<\/a>. This ties into Huron\u2019s larger argument in <em>Sweet Anticipation, <\/em>which is built upon ideas popularized by renowned music psychologist Leonard Meyer<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>The emotional power of violated expectations<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\">According to an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00790\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">article<\/a> in <em>Frontiers in Psychology<\/em>, \u201cExpectancy violations (e.g., harmonic, rhythmic, and\/or melodic violations) are strongly correlated to the onset of musical frisson, such that some level of violated expectation may be a prerequisite.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Our minds, which evolved to predict future outcomes to ensure our survival, are always anticipating how something will play out. And when our initial predictions are wrong, depending on the situation, we can feel anything from anger to surprise to frisson.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Thinking back to my experience of listening to Johnny Cash, it was at the precise moment the song \u201cviolated my expectations\u201d that I felt frisson. When I anticipated that the song would decrescendo, it <em>crescendoed even more. <\/em>And, as Huron\u2019s book discusses, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cogsci.msu.edu\/DSS\/2008-2009\/Huron\/HuronFrisson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">most reliable indicator<\/a> of musical frisson is an increase in loudness.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Other reliable indicators include the entry of one or more instruments or voices; an abrupt change of tempo or rhythm; a new or unexpected harmony; and abrupt modulation. Music psychologist John Sloboda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00790\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">found<\/a> that the most common types of musical phrases to elicit frisson were \u201cchord progressions descending the circle of fifths to the tonic.\u201d This is a deeply affecting chord progression common in many of Mozart\u2019s compositions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Some researchers have also noted how the \u201chuman scream\u201d can induce musical frisson. Huron writes:<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><em>\u201cThe adult human scream displays a disproportionate amount of energy in the broad 0-6 kHz region, where human hearing is best. A human scream is the sound humans can hear at the greatest distance.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">There are few things more powerful (or traumatic) than a human scream, and professor William O. Beeman, in his work <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/259982646_Making_Grown_Men_Weep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Making Grown Men Weep<\/em><\/a>, notes how professional singers (particularly opera singers) exploit this auditory sensitivity.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"mb-8 prose with-dropcap \">\n<div><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"cnx-image-placeholder\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.connatix.com\/pid-e5a50f34-8ed3-4cea-a5c7-ec92c8d22da6\/810555ae-0f96-41ba-ae35-341f95c6b4a6\/981dd4a4-cd81-4e96-a083-14553b282b92.jpg?w=525&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"No music on Mars: Sound is different on the red planet\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"\">Consider the soaring choruses in Celine Dion\u2019s \u201cMy Heart Will Go On\u201d or Adele\u2019s \u201cHello\u201d or John Lennon\u2019s screams on The Beatles\u2019 \u201cTwist &amp; Shout\u201d (all featured on the playlist). Or listen to Merry Clayton\u2019s legendary backing vocals on the Rolling Stones\u2019 \u201cGimme Shelter.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">On YouTube, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ChONufP0FEs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">there is a clip<\/a> from the 2013 film <em>20 Feet From Stardom <\/em>in which Clayton\u2019s vocal track is isolated. If you scan the comments section, you will see many people citing Clayton\u2019s vocal as the reason behind the song\u2019s power \u2014 particularly the accidental crack in her voice as she screams \u201cmurder.\u201d Her howls are activating a primal response in us.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">It should be noted that there are many different disciplines outside of evolutionary biology that offer compelling explanations of frisson, ranging from the anthropological (<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaac\/article\/68\/3\/317\/5979868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jeanette Bicknell\u2019s <em>Why Music Moves Us<\/em><\/a>) to the ethnomusicological (<a href=\"https:\/\/iupress.org\/9780253216724\/deep-listeners\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Judith Becker\u2019s <em>Deep Listeners<\/em><\/a>) to the psychosocial study of \u201cemotional contagion\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/239070600_From_everyday_emotions_to_aesthetic_emotions_Toward_a_unified_theory_of_musical_emotions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Patrik Juslin\u2019s \u201cToward a Unified Theory of Musical Emotions\u201d<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">And Huron\u2019s \u201cContrastive Valence Theory\u201d can help us better understand what is going on behind the scenes when we experience this profound emotional state.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">By stimulating and exploiting our primitive threat-detection systems, music activates deeply embedded neural networks that have evolved over millions of years. It\u2019s no wonder why we feel songs so deeply in our core: Music reminds us what it is like to be alive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This 715-song playlist is scientifically verified to give you the chills, thanks to \u201cfrisson\u201dby Sam Gilberg It\u2019s 2006. I\u2019m on the school bus listening to my iPod, when on comes Johnny Cash\u2019s \u201cHurt.\u201d The song begins softly, a wistful Cash singing of loss and regret over sparse acoustic plucking. As a freshman in high school, &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/?p=682\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Frission&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-music-and-the-brain"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/safaYH-frission","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":683,"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/682\/revisions\/683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nassaubaymusiclessons.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}